organizational theory Essay - 2283 Words

Question #1 â€Å"Despite the economic progress brought about in part by scientific management, critics were calling attention to the ‘seamy side of progress’ which included severe labor management conflict, apathy, boredom, and wasted human resources to examine the discrepancy between how an organization was supposed to work versus how the workers actually behaved. In addition, factors like World War I, developments in psychology and later the depression, all bought into question, some of the basic assumptions of Scientific Management.† (Internet) This is where the Human Relations School steps in. Its primary focus is the importance of attitudes and feelings of workers, while informal roles and norms influence performance. â€Å"At the most†¦show more content†¦To Mayo, this was not only the key to organizational success, but also the goal to achieving social stability. He also viewed informal group processes as the promoting tool for social integration, as well as stopping absenteeism, turnover, and discontent among employees. Another important person at this time was Chester Barnard, who combined practical experience in management and corporate affairs with a complex and sophisticated theory of organization and human behavior. His focus projected from an emphasis on the organization to an analysis of the nature of an individual. He placed priority on tension between the organization and the individual noting that â€Å"†¦organizations are constructed for particular purposes, but they employ individuals who may have widely divergent objectives and desires.† (Jaffe, 74) Barnard noted that cooperation was needed for the organization to work effectively and efficiently. He discussed in his book, The Functions of the Executive, the relationship between incentives and contributions, and the need to join these together to meet an equilibrium of some sort. He claimed that this system would satisfy individuals and obtain contributions from them while at the same time making everyone happy. To do this, he used distribution hoping to gain cooperative activity from the employees. The executive needs to note that distribution can be good in one situation butShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Theory671 Words   |  3 PagesOrganizational Theory Angele Muhammad February 5, 2014 Assistant Professor Darren Gil Southern University at New Orleans Abstract I will discuss the basis of an organizational theory as it applies to the criminal justice system. I am discussing and giving a clear understanding of the criminal justice system as an organization of a bureaucratic management system with hierarchies and processes of inputs, processes, and outputs within one aspect of the criminal justice system i.e. policeRead MoreOrganizational Theory Of Organizational Management1488 Words   |  6 PagesOrganizational theory studies the various variables that influence the behavior of an individual(s) working within an organization, but also, â€Å"prescribes how work and workers ought to be organized and attempts to explain the actual consequences of organizational behavior (including individual actions) on work being performed and on the organization itself.† (Milakovich Gordon, 2013, p.145). Of the many approaches to organizational analysis, Classical Organizational theory has been, even to thisRead MoreEssay on Organizational Theory8 81 Words   |  4 Pagesof various organization theories and their development from the perspective of legitimacy and efficacy; to evaluate selected discussions regarding theory development and various theories; to encourage the use of evidence based theory development and to provide a look into the model and related theories that are created after looking at the existing theories. While not rejecting the need for thorough testing of theories, I am simply looking into the suggestion of theories and models for their worthRead MoreOrganizational Theory Essay1553 Words   |  7 PagesAndrea K. Rivers ORG6503 : Organizational Theories amp; System Instructor: Kathleen Henry September 24, 2011 Introduction The owner of Creative Colors has taking my advice regarding restructuring and downsizing the company. The organization is now operating much more efficiently and has seen revenues begin to climb in its retail stores. With the improving economic climate in the region and the growing strength of the U.S. dollar compared to the Canadian dollar, the owner now sees an opportunityRead MoreThe Theory Of Organizational Change1450 Words   |  6 Pageseducate their employees in understanding and supporting change. Taking both organizational and employee perspectives into account, Armenakis and Bedeian (1999) have reviewed major research publications on the theory of organizational change from 1987 to 1999. To set a basis for selecting from the vast number of the available material, their study was concentrated on those researches focusing on the fundamentals of organizational change dynamics. The researchers acknowledge the effect of the extent ofRead MoreComparing the Modern Organizational Theory and Improvisation Essay1126 Words   |  5 PagesOrganization theory deals with the formal structure, internal working, and external environment of complex human behavior within organizations. As a field spanning several disciplines, it prescribes how work and workers out to be organized and attempts to explain the actual consequences of organizational behavior (including individual behavior) on work done and on the organization itself.(Gordon and Milkavoich, 147) It has been evolving for centurie s on how should work be done in the public administrationRead MoreOrganizational Theory and Practice3050 Words   |  13 PagesOrganizational Theory Practice Introduction Previously people were less interested in an organizational culture. Cultural perspectives were not really important. When it comes to cultural change, leaders used to take an action at the end, at the time where company was facing bankruptcy, and they were not succeeded. Unlike now, culture is significantly important aspect in an organization. It shapes how people think and behave. Once an employee gets hired, firstly he or she tries to identify existingRead MoreThe Neoclassical Organizational Theory Essay633 Words   |  3 PagesThe neoclassical organizational theory, which evolved as a reaction to the rigid, authoritarian structure of the classical organizational theory, focuses on the importance of human relations and behavior in the workplace (Docherty et al., 2001). According to the classical organizational theory, there is a single best method to designing an organization. Based on this theory, a manager must have close control over their subordinates, resulting in an organiz ation with tall hierarchies and a narrowRead MoreOrganizational Theory Multiple Perspectives1514 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction In order to have a better understanding of organization theory, organizational phenomena should be studied in different ways. Different ways of thinking produce different perspectives which come to different concepts and theories. In this essay, multiple perspectives which are modern, symbolic-interpretive and post-modern will be defined. By examine the assumptions, which are ontology and epistemology underlying each of these perspectives, they can be compared. Also, how these perspectivesRead MoreExamples Of Neoclassical Organizational Theory909 Words   |  4 Pagesperspectives that moved away from the mechanistic views of classical organizational theory in which human beings act as different parts to that machine to an approach that attempts to account for internal and external environments. This multi-dimension approach is considered an intellectual merger of most prior schools of thought beginning with neoclassical. Neoclassical organizational theory, a modified version of the classical organizational theory was developed at the end of WWII through the 1950s as neoclassical